The aim of this study is to test the structural model of factors affecting the development of women's public sports in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-correlational, conducted through a survey approach, and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The statistical population included 384 women from Karbala province who regularly participated in public sports. The sample for this study was selected through complete accessibility sampling. To measure the factors affecting the development of women's public sports in Iraq, a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on interviews with experts was used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that causal conditions (decision-making institutions, distributive justice, technology, individual factors, interpersonal factors), strategies (creating formal preconditions for participation development, promoting a culture of participation, designing a participation system), intervening conditions (structural weaknesses, lack of financial resources, lack of human resources), and contextual conditions (social factors, cultural factors, economic factors, media orientation, laws and regulations) are related to the outcomes of the development of women's public sports in Iraq (social capital, development of women's public sports, and women's health development). The development of women's public sports in Iraq, which leads to social capital, the development of women's public sports, and the improvement of women's health, must be included in Iraq’s sports and health planning with a systematic approach.