The present study aimed to analyze the relationships among educational innovation ecosystem, digital organizational citizenship behavior, and learning performance in smart schools and to examine the mediating role of digital organizational citizenship behavior in these relationships. This applied study employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all teachers and staff working in smart schools in District 1 of Ahvaz during the 2025–2026 academic year, from which 384 participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Research instruments included the Educational Innovation Ecosystem Questionnaire, the Digital Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire, and the Organizational Learning Performance Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-27 and SmartPLS-4 software. Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling were used to test the research hypotheses. The findings indicated that educational innovation ecosystem had a significant direct effect on digital organizational citizenship behavior (β=0.69, p<0.001) and learning performance in smart schools (β=0.47, p<0.001). Digital organizational citizenship behavior also had a significant positive effect on learning performance (β=0.41, p<0.001). Furthermore, the indirect effect of educational innovation ecosystem on learning performance through digital organizational citizenship behavior was statistically significant (β=0.28, p<0.001). Model fit indices also confirmed the acceptable fit of the proposed conceptual model. The findings revealed that strengthening educational innovation ecosystems can improve learning performance in smart schools through enhancing digital organizational citizenship behaviors. Therefore, simultaneous attention to technological infrastructure, innovation culture, knowledge collaboration, and digital participation among school staff can significantly improve educational effectiveness and organizational learning in smart schools.