Analysis of Challenges and Solutions in Virtual Education at Islamic Azad Universities in Sistan and Baluchestan Province

Abstract

The aim of the present research is to identify the challenges and solutions of virtual education in Islamic Azad Universities in Sistan and Baluchestan province. This study was conducted to explore the issues related to the implementation and execution of virtual education and to offer solutions for improving its quality and effectiveness. The research utilized a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative) with an exploratory sequential design. In the qualitative section, the grounded theory approach was employed, and in the quantitative section, a survey method was used. The qualitative sample consisted of 20 experts in the field of education management, selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these individuals. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included students of Islamic Azad Universities in Sistan and Baluchestan province (28,811 students), from which a sample size of 379 students was selected randomly. The research tool in the quantitative section was a researcher-made questionnaire, based on the theoretical model derived from expert opinions in the qualitative section. Data analysis in the qualitative section was performed using MAXQDA software and grounded theory methodology based on Strauss and Corbin’s model. In the quantitative section, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that the challenges of virtual education include familial, psychological-personality, cultural-social, educational, financial-legal, infrastructural, technical, and managerial issues. Additionally, organizational solutions for the success of this type of education include improving educational quality, effective interactions, trust-building, cultural development, and enhancing technical infrastructure. Given the multiple challenges of virtual education, implementing appropriate organizational solutions can help improve the performance of educational systems and reduce existing problems. Improving processes and optimizing infrastructure are key factors in the success and long-term sustainability of virtual education.