Content Analysis of Elementary School Textbooks Based on the Components of "Importance and Optimal Water Use": Shannon Entropy Method

Abstract

The objective of this study is to evaluate the current state of education on optimal water use in the curriculum of second-grade elementary school textbooks. To investigate this issue, a quantitative content analysis of a descriptive type was conducted using the "Shannon Entropy" statistical analysis method. The statistical population of this research includes all textbooks of the second elementary stage, totaling 24 textbooks. The sample size is equal to the population size, and the content of all second elementary school textbooks was analyzed. The face and content validity of the research was confirmed by five curriculum planning experts. The reliability of the research was estimated using the Kappa agreement coefficient. The research tool was a content analysis checklist. Overall, the research results consist of four main categories and twelve subcategories, leading to the conclusion that certain components related to the importance and optimal use of water have been given little or no attention in the content of second-grade elementary school textbooks. Additionally, there is a lack of balance in the content concerning the components of the importance and optimal use of water.