Journal of Study and Innovation in Education and Development

The Impact of Mother–Daughter Social Intimacy on the Prevention of Social Harms: A Sociological Study among Female University Students

Jafar Zolfalifam ^* iD

This study aimed to investigate the role of mother–daughter social intimacy in reducing social harms among young women and to examine whether maternal place of residence and educational attainment influenced this relationship. This survey study was conducted among unmarried first-semester female undergraduate students at Payame Noor University, Maragheh Center. A total of 312 students were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Miller and Lefcourt (1982) Social Intimacy Scale and the Social Harms Questionnaire developed by Aghaei et al. (2010), together with interviews. Inferential data analysis was performed using one-way and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA). One-way ANOVA indicated a significant relationship between the level of mother–daughter social intimacy and social harms (F=13.023, p<0.001), with greater intimacy associated with lower involvement in social harms. In the analysis involving place of residence, the main effect of social intimacy was significant (F=8.071, p<0.001), whereas neither the main effect of residence (F=1.446, p=0.230) nor the social intimacy × residence interaction (F=0.238, p=0.788) was significant. Similarly, the main effect of social intimacy remained significant when maternal education was considered (F=7.184, p=0.001). However, neither maternal education (F=0.646, p=0.630) nor the social intimacy × maternal education interaction (F=0.404, p=0.918) showed a statistically significant effect. Higher mother–daughter social intimacy appears to function as an important protective factor against young women’s involvement in social harms. This association was evident regardless of maternal place of residence or educational level. Accordingly, interventions designed to strengthen mutual trust, emotional support, empathy, and intimate communication between mothers and daughters may contribute to the prevention of social harms and the promotion of social well-being among young women.

Structural Modeling of the Relationships of Technology Acceptance and Digital Lifestyle with Employees’ Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

Sharareh Roohinezhad iD , Parviz Sabahi ^* iD , Faezeh Jahan iD , Zahra Moghimi iD

This study aimed to examine the structural relationships of technology acceptance and digital lifestyle with employees’ work engagement and to determine the mediating role of organizational commitment. This applied, quantitative, descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of faculty members and administrative employees of Islamic Azad University branches in Semnan Province in 2024/2025, from whom 300 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Technology Acceptance Questionnaire, Digital Lifestyle Questionnaire, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and Meyer and Allen Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS version 22. Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation, and bootstrap analysis were applied to test the direct and indirect relationships among the study variables. Technology acceptance had a positive and significant direct effect on work engagement (β=0.24, p=0.001), while digital lifestyle also positively predicted work engagement (β=0.19, p=0.002). Technology acceptance (β=0.39, p=0.001) and digital lifestyle (β=0.31, p=0.001) had significant positive effects on organizational commitment. Organizational commitment, in turn, positively predicted work engagement (β=0.34, p=0.001). Bootstrap analysis indicated that the indirect effect of technology acceptance on work engagement through organizational commitment was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.07–0.21), whereas the corresponding indirect effect of digital lifestyle was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05–0.17). Thus, organizational commitment partially mediated both relationships. The model explained 42% of the variance in organizational commitment and 62% of the variance in work engagement. The findings indicate that favorable technology acceptance and a digital lifestyle compatible with workplace requirements can enhance employees’ work engagement both directly and indirectly by strengthening organizational commitment. Accordingly, improving technological infrastructure, developing employees’ digital competencies, and reinforcing their psychological attachment to the organization may constitute effective strategies for promoting work engagement in increasingly digitalized work environments.

Explaining the Role of Educational Management in the Development of Students’ Political Culture: A Qualitative Study

Mahdi Taghavi Rafsanjani ^* iD

This study aimed to explain the role of educational management in the development of political culture among university students in Tehran. This qualitative study was conducted using conventional qualitative content analysis. The participants consisted of 22 individuals from universities in Tehran who were selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation, including 7 faculty members, 6 educational, cultural, or student-affairs managers and experts, and 9 postgraduate students. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, and sampling continued until conceptual saturation was achieved. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed through identification of meaning units, initial coding, constant comparison, development of subcategories, and abstraction of overarching categories. Credibility and trustworthiness were enhanced through member checking, peer review, systematic documentation of the analytical process, and reflexive note-taking. Data analysis generated 168 initial codes, 64 final conceptual codes, 12 subcategories, and three overarching categories. The first category, “educational and awareness-building functions of educational management,” included political literacy and awareness, critical thinking, political ethics and responsibility, and connection of university education with social issues. The second category, “participatory governance and the formation of political experience in the university,” encompassed student participation in decision-making, dialogue and exchange of views, practical participatory experiences, and enhancement of belonging and political efficacy. The third category, “creation of an organizational and cultural context for political culture development,” included managerial justice and transparency, psychological safety and tolerance of diverse viewpoints, support for cultural and social activities, and institutional trust. Overall, educational management influenced political culture through three interconnected pathways: cognitive empowerment, participatory experience, and organizational legitimacy. The development of students’ political culture requires an integrated educational management approach that simultaneously strengthens political awareness, critical thinking, meaningful participation, fairness, transparency, psychological safety, and institutional trust, thereby transforming the university into a setting for the practical experience of social responsibility and constructive participation.

A Comparative Study of Strategies for the Prevention and Resolution of Family Conflicts in the Qur’an, Islamic Narrations, and Psychology

Mohammadhasan Ramezani Alavi iD , Hossein Khoshdel ^* iD , Farhad Mohammadi Masiri iD , Mohammad Nasehi iD

This study aimed to comparatively examine strategies for preventing and resolving family conflicts in the Holy Qur’an, Islamic narrations, and psychology and to identify their convergences, differences, and potential for integration. This qualitative study employed a descriptive-analytical, documentary, and comparative design. Data were extracted from relevant Qur’anic verses, Islamic narrations, interpretive and jurisprudential sources, and literature on family psychology and couple therapy. Sources were purposively selected according to their direct relevance to conflict prevention, marital adjustment, conflict management, arbitration, counseling, and separation. Extracted data were coded using qualitative content analysis and were subsequently categorized according to the timing of intervention, intended objective, mechanism of action, and degree of third-party involvement. A comparative analysis was then conducted across the three perspectives. The analysis indicated that the identified strategies could be organized into three major levels: prevention before marriage and throughout marital life, gradual intervention after conflict emerges, and specialized or formal intervention in severe disputes. Informed spouse selection, compatibility, mutual consent, affection and mercy, observance of reciprocal rights, constructive communication, emotional regulation, modification of expectations, and development of shared meaning emerged as major preventive factors. After conflict occurred, constructive dialogue, behavioral correction, reconciliation, emotional regulation, counseling, mediation, and family arbitration formed a gradual intervention sequence. Separation was identified as a final option when corrective interventions failed or when continuation of the relationship resulted in persistent harm. Comparative analysis showed that the primary differences among the three perspectives concerned their epistemological foundations and terminology, whereas substantial functional convergence existed regarding prevention, protection of dignity, gradual conflict resolution, third-party assistance, and prioritization of reconciliation over separation. Integrating the ethical and spiritual capacities of Qur’anic and narrative teachings with scientific psychological methods can provide a comprehensive framework for preventing, managing, and resolving family conflicts and can strengthen family counseling, arbitration, and family-skills education.

A System Dynamics-Based Model for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Courses in Higher Education

Nassrin Dianat Nejad iD , Alireza Iraj Pour ^* iD

This study aimed to develop a comprehensive model for evaluating the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education courses in higher education by identifying, prioritizing, and dynamically modeling the factors that determine their effectiveness. This applied, descriptive-survey study employed a mixed qualitative-quantitative design. Data were collected through a literature review, exploratory interviews, and a questionnaire. First, a research synthesis was conducted to identify the principal factors, components, and indicators associated with the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education, while the exploratory interview findings informed the development of the quantitative instrument. The identified components were subsequently weighted and prioritized using the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) based on pairwise judgments. In the next stage, causal relationships among the variables were incorporated into a system dynamics model developed in Vensim using a stock-and-flow approach. Structural and behavioral tests were employed to assess model validity, and sensitivity analysis and simulation were performed to examine system behavior under alternative conditions and to identify appropriate educational policies. FANP results indicated that managerial skills had the greatest contribution to entrepreneurship education effectiveness, with a weight of 0.411769, followed by individual skills (0.291013), experiential skills (0.206090), and business skills (0.089656). The overall consistency ratio was 0.0903, below the 0.10 threshold, confirming acceptable consistency of the pairwise judgments. At the subcriterion level, opportunity identification, ambiguity tolerance, and risk-taking; organization and team building, group activity, and learning about business; opportunity recognition and training in real-world environments; and project management, future-oriented leadership, and business planning received the highest priorities within their respective dimensions. System dynamics simulation further demonstrated that the simultaneous development of all four skill domains generated greater effectiveness than concentrating on only one or two dimensions and produced stronger long-term improvements in entrepreneurial intention and behavior, innovation, organizational performance, and the entrepreneurial environment. The effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in higher education is a multidimensional and dynamic phenomenon that requires the integrated development of managerial, individual, experiential, and business competencies.

A Conceptual Model of Knowledge Retention in the Nuclear Industry: A Human Capital Management Approach

Mohammadhassan Sadri iD , Bahram Alishiri ^* iD , Mahmood Modiri iD , Hassan Amiri iD

This study aimed to develop a conceptual model of knowledge retention in Iran’s nuclear industry from a human capital management perspective by identifying its causal conditions, central phenomenon, strategies, contextual and intervening conditions, and consequences. This applied-developmental study was conducted within an interpretivist paradigm using a qualitative, exploratory, cross-sectional design and a systematic grounded theory strategy. Participants consisted of experts in knowledge management, human resource management, relevant business fields, and managers associated with Iran’s nuclear industry. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved with 10 experts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews lasting approximately 30–45 minutes. The interviews were analyzed according to the Strauss and Corbin grounded theory approach through open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA software. Coding reliability was also evaluated through intra-subject agreement among coders, yielding an agreement coefficient of 0.79. Analysis generated 212 open codes and resulted in a paradigmatic model of knowledge retention. The causal conditions comprised systematic knowledge and the deliberate selection and application of knowledge. The central phenomenon consisted of the retention of human and non-human knowledge. The principal strategies involved developing a culture of knowledge retention and preventing knowledge loss, together with promoting participatory and synergistic approaches. Contextual conditions included a system for retaining knowledge-based human resources and a dynamic knowledge-oriented human resource system. Intervening conditions comprised environmental and organizational issues and supervisory and managerial structures. The identified consequences encompassed the development and advancement of efficient, knowledge-based human capital as well as strengthening national authority and improving the status and capabilities of strategic infrastructure industries. Knowledge retention in the nuclear industry is a multidimensional organizational process that extends beyond documentation and knowledge storage. Its effective implementation requires the integration of knowledge management with human capital management through expert retention, succession planning, competency development, incentive systems, experience transfer, participatory mechanisms, and supportive organizational infrastructures. The proposed model provides a systematic framework for reducing knowledge loss, strengthening institutional memory, sustaining critical expertise, and supporting long-term organizational and national capabilities in the nuclear industry.

Acceptance of Change in Private Hospitals in Tehran

Niloofar Jamili iD , Hasan Givarian ^* iD , Nader Sheikholeslami Kandelousi iD

This study aimed to examine and identify the factors influencing acceptance of change in private hospitals in Tehran. This study employed a qualitative and exploratory research design. The study population consisted of senior managers, board members, managers of different departments in non-governmental private hospitals in Tehran, experts, and university professors with sufficient knowledge of human resources, organizational behavior, and organizational change. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis with the aid of MAXQDA software. To enhance the validity of the qualitative phase, triangulation was used. The reliability of the coding process was also assessed using Holsti’s reliability coefficient, Scott’s pi, and Cohen’s kappa. Given the qualitative nature of the study, no inferential statistical tests were reported or applicable. However, the thematic analysis indicated that 21 final themes were extracted from 90 initial codes related to acceptance of change in private hospitals in Tehran. These themes included economic security, job security, social responsibility, human resource recruitment, fear of losing power, participation, managerial support, knowledge, professional ethics, transparency, age and experience, resilience, justice, job burnout, managerial strategy, workload, awareness, job ambiguity, organizational culture, employee empathy, and trust. The findings showed that all identified factors play an important role in shaping employees’ acceptance of or resistance to organizational change. The findings indicate that acceptance of change in private hospitals is a multidimensional phenomenon and cannot be explained solely by managerial decisions. Rather, it is influenced by the interaction of economic, psychological, organizational, cultural, and professional factors. Therefore, hospital managers should strengthen trust, transparency, employee participation, organizational justice, and managerial support while simultaneously reducing job ambiguity, workload pressure, and burnout in order to facilitate successful organizational change.

Structural Equation Modeling of Sports Facility Safety Management at Imam Ali (PBUH) Officers University of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Perspective of Development and Training

Abbas Shakibirad ^* iD , Sajjad Ghadami iD

This study aimed to model sports facility safety management at Imam Ali (PBUH) Officers University of the Islamic Republic of Iran and to determine the structural relationships among causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, the core phenomenon, strategies, and outcomes associated with safety management. This applied quantitative study examined causal-correlational relationships among the components of sports facility safety management. The statistical population consisted of managers, coaches, and athletes participating in military sporting events at Imam Ali (PBUH) Officers University. Using G*Power software, the required sample size was estimated at 138 participants, who were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire developed from the findings of the qualitative phase of the research project. Face and content validity were assessed and confirmed by 10 experts, while construct validity was evaluated through convergent and discriminant validity indices. Reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and factor loadings. Structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM) was conducted using SmartPLS version 3.1.1 to test the hypothesized structural relationships. Structural equation modeling indicated that causal factors had a significant positive effect on the core phenomenon of safety management (β=0.721, t=9.876, p=0.001). The core phenomenon significantly and positively predicted safety-management strategies (β=0.791, t=6.767, p=0.001). Contextual factors also exerted a significant positive effect on strategies (β=0.306, t=3.757, p=0.001), whereas intervening factors had a significant negative effect on strategies (β=-0.129, t=2.173, p=0.001). Furthermore, strategies had a strong positive and significant effect on outcomes (β=0.843, t=29.247, p<0.001). All hypothesized structural paths were statistically significant at the 95% confidence level, supporting the adequacy of the proposed model. Sports facility safety management in a military university is a systematic and multidimensional process shaped by the interaction of causal, contextual, and intervening conditions with managerial, financial, educational, and infrastructural strategies. Strengthening facilitating conditions, reducing intervening barriers, and systematically implementing the identified strategies may enhance safety, functional and financial development, and competitive advantage within university sports facilities.

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