Conceptual Model for Inducing a Sense of Spirituality for the Spiritual Education of Students with a Focus on Cultivating Thinking

Abstract

This study aimed to present a conceptual model for inducing a sense of spirituality to foster the spiritual education of students, with a focus on cultivating thinking. The research is developmental in purpose and employs a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. The seven-step meta-synthesis method of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) was used in this study. The research environment included all published domestic and foreign articles (2011-2024). Sampling was purposive and continued until data saturation, proceeding until sample sufficiency was achieved. Data collection tools were printed documents used for review. Data were collected through reputable domestic sites (such as IranDoc, SID, Magiran, NoorMags, etc.) and reputable international sites (Emerald, Sage Publications, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Springer). Validity and reliability were established through transferability and confirmability. Overall, the results indicated that the conceptual model for inducing a sense of spirituality to foster the spiritual education of students, with a focus on cultivating thinking, includes four dimensions: learning opportunity, reflective thinking, wise thinking, and the opportunity for discussion.