The Impact of Social Non-Acceptance on the Identity and Values of Women Born in the 1970s and 2000s in Shiraz

Abstract

This study aimed to examine how social non-acceptance influences self-confidence and psychological insecurity and to compare generational differences in the identity and values of women born in the 1970s and 2000s in Shiraz. A quantitative, descriptive–survey design with an intergenerational comparative approach was employed. The statistical population included 400 women (200 from each generation) in Shiraz, selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on Tajfel’s social identity theory and feminist perspectives. Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (0.87), and validity was established through confirmatory factor analysis and expert review. Independent t-tests, Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated significantly higher self-confidence in the younger generation compared to the older (t = -5.92, p<0.001) and significantly greater psychological insecurity among older women (t = 6.34, p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that social non-acceptance negatively affected self-confidence and increased psychological insecurity (B = -0.45, p<0.001). Age and education level were identified as key moderating factors in the intensity of these effects. The findings highlight profound generational changes in women’s psychological and social identity. Women from the 1970s faced stronger traditional constraints and social discrimination, leading to lower self-confidence and greater insecurity, whereas younger women benefit from improved educational and social opportunities. Strengthening social support, expanding educational access, and implementing empowerment-oriented policies are crucial for mitigating the negative impact of social non-acceptance.