Economic Sanctions and Human Security in Iran: A Strategic Analysis of Social and Psychological Consequences under International Pressure

Abstract

This study aims to strategically examine the impact of economic sanctions on human security in Iran by focusing on the escalation of domestic violence and its association with economic and social variables during international pressure. Using a mixed inductive–deductive approach, the research employed in-depth and semi-structured interviews with social science experts conducted in 2022. Data were analyzed using the grounded theory (Glaser model). To ensure validity and reliability, qualitative research standards such as confirmability, traceability, and dependability were applied. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings revealed that economic sanctions, through increasing unemployment, reducing household income, rising inflation, and weakening support policies, have significantly contributed to the rise of domestic violence against women. Economic and psychological pressures diminished family resilience and promoted aggressive behaviors within households. Moreover, the lack of coordination among policymaking institutions and the inefficiency of social welfare systems were key factors sustaining domestic violence during the sanction period. Sanctions have undermined not only national economies but also human security, social cohesion, and mental well-being. Addressing this crisis requires multilevel policymaking, including strengthening social protection mechanisms, promoting preventive interventions, and enhancing psychological and economic resilience of families. A community-centered and equity-oriented policy approach can reduce the human costs of sanctions and safeguard human security under international pressure.