Analysis of Factors Influencing the Measurement of Student Citizenship Culture

Abstract

The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the impact of various factors on the student citizenship culture among students in the North Tehran region. This research is applied in nature and follows a descriptive–survey design. The statistical population consisted of 1,200 students, from whom 291 individuals were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through both library and field methods, and the main instrument for data gathering was a questionnaire. The research hypotheses included the impact of civil liberty, academic citizenship, citizenship rights, citizenship behavior, university culture, and civic ethics on the student citizenship culture. Descriptive statistics showed that the sample composition was nearly equal in terms of gender, with the majority being young and single. In the inferential statistics section, the conceptual model was evaluated using SmartPLS software and structural equation modeling (SEM). The model’s reliability and validity criteria were reported as adequate, and the model fit indices, including the Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Goodness-of-Fit (GOF), indicated acceptable model conformity, although the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) index was weaker. The coefficient of determination (R²) demonstrated moderate to strong explanatory power of the model. Hypothesis testing was performed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method, and all hypothesized relationships were confirmed with positive standardized coefficients and significant t-values. The greatest effects were related to civic ethics and citizenship rights, while the smallest effect belonged to academic citizenship. Accordingly, the study shows that all six examined factors have a positive and significant impact on the student citizenship culture, and the theoretical research model received strong empirical support.